Saturday, February 23, 2013
Wednesday, January 2, 2013
Leonardo da Vinci and Amboise
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Château_d'Amboise
"The royal Château at Amboise is a château located in Amboise, in the Indre-et-Loire département of the Loire Valley in France. Confiscated by the monarchy in the 15th century, it became a favoured royal residence and was extensively rebuilt.
...
King Francis I was raised at Amboise, which belonged to his mother, Louise of Savoy, and during the first few years of his reign the château reached the pinnacle of its glory. As a guest of the King, Leonardo da Vinci came to Château Amboise in December 1515 and lived and worked in the nearby Clos Lucé, connected to the château by an underground passage."
In 1516, Francis I invited Leonardo da Vinci to Amboise and hosted him in the Clos Lucé, then called Château de Cloux. Leonardo arrived in Amboise with three of his famous paintings: Mona Lisa, Sainte Anne, and Saint Jean Baptiste. Leonardo lived at the Clos Lucé for the last three years of his life. He died there on 2 May 1519.
Image processing from a picture of the modern statue in Amboise of Leonardo in the pose of a river god.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leonardo_IMG_1759.JPG
Wednesday, December 12, 2012
Dodecahedral die
"In modern role-playing games, the dodecahedron is often used as a twelve-sided die, one of the more common polyhedral dice" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodecahedron
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dice#Non-cubical_dice
Even in the past, the dodecahedron was used for dice.
Here an example form the site archéologique de la Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Genève
http://www.site-archeologique.ch/contenu.php?id-node=25&id-img=84
Copie d'un dé romain, en forme du dodécaèdre, datant du IVe siècle
Even older are the Etruscan dodecahedra:
More on the etruscan dodecahedron at sites:
Tuesday, December 11, 2012
CALCULI, COMPAS, DODECAEDRE
Very interesting page at http://www.alienor.org/Articles/ecriture/instrument3.htm
telling that "Les Gallo-Romains possédaient également différents instruments destinés aux disciplines scientifiques Pour compter, on utilisait des petits cailloux appelés calculi qui étaient placés dans des cases. On disposait aussi de compas se rapportant à la géométrie mais aussi au traçage des lignes d’écriture. ... Aujourd’hui, les avis convergent pour interpréter les dodécaèdres en bronze, creux, comme des instruments de géomètre."
Musée de Poitiers. Visit the site!
telling that "Les Gallo-Romains possédaient également différents instruments destinés aux disciplines scientifiques Pour compter, on utilisait des petits cailloux appelés calculi qui étaient placés dans des cases. On disposait aussi de compas se rapportant à la géométrie mais aussi au traçage des lignes d’écriture. ... Aujourd’hui, les avis convergent pour interpréter les dodécaèdres en bronze, creux, comme des instruments de géomètre."
Musée de Poitiers. Visit the site!
Chimu Surveying
An Ancient Surveying Equipment of Chimu
The Chimu lives in the pre-Columbian Peru, struggling to survive in one of the world's driest desert.
Adapted from http://www.specialtyinterests.net/eop.html
This is a Chimu surveying instrument shows how calculate the slope of the land. "The device consisted of a ceramic bowl pierced by a hollow sighting tube passing through a calibrated, cross-shaped opening (inset). And artificial horizon was established by aligning water with the three dots in the bowl, which was leveled in a larger, sand-filled vessel atop a tripod (far left); when the sighting tube was in the center of the cross-shaped opening it was parallel to the artificial horizon. Chimu surveyors marked a rod at the height of the level sighting tube, then moved the rod a known distance along uneven ground and sighted the mark. The ground slope corresponded to the tube angle indicated by the calibrations inside the bowl." From
Surveying and Hydraulic Engineering of the Pre-Columbian Chimú State: ad 900–1450, Charles R. Ortloff, Cambridge Archaeological Journal, Volume 5 / Issue 01 / April 1995, pp 55-74
Abstract The Chimú state of northern coastal Peru (ad 900–1480) developed massive irrigation-based agricultural systems supplied by intricate networks of canals drawing water from river sources in coastal valleys under their political control. Further intervalley canal systems, some up to 50 miles in length, were constructed to shunt water between river valleys to augment intravalley supplies. A high degree of civil engineering skill was necessary to construct and maintain such complex systems; knowledge of surveying and of open channel flow hydraulics was paramount. Some of the technology used by the Chimú has been investigated: surveying instruments and calculating tools have been unearthed and analyzed to provide some understanding of the technical base used for canal design. Details of the hydraulics knowledge-base have been extracted from computer simulation of the functioning of ancient Chimú canal designs. This article assembles known pieces of information related to Chimú civil engineering practice and attempts to provide a plausible methodology that could have been implemented by the Chimú to survey the precise canal bed slopes necessary for proper hydraulic functioning of large canal systems through rugged Andean foothill and mountain areas.
The Chimu lives in the pre-Columbian Peru, struggling to survive in one of the world's driest desert.
They were therefore "hydraulic engineers". Some of their knowledge about the management of water came from their predecessors, the Mochica, who lived in the Peru's Moche Valley during the 1st millennium AD. Mochica built a network of canals to irrigate their fields.
Adapted from http://www.specialtyinterests.net/eop.htmlFeats and wisdom of the ancients
Surveying and Hydraulic Engineering of the Pre-Columbian Chimú State: ad 900–1450, Charles R. Ortloff, Cambridge Archaeological Journal, Volume 5 / Issue 01 / April 1995, pp 55-74
Abstract The Chimú state of northern coastal Peru (ad 900–1480) developed massive irrigation-based agricultural systems supplied by intricate networks of canals drawing water from river sources in coastal valleys under their political control. Further intervalley canal systems, some up to 50 miles in length, were constructed to shunt water between river valleys to augment intravalley supplies. A high degree of civil engineering skill was necessary to construct and maintain such complex systems; knowledge of surveying and of open channel flow hydraulics was paramount. Some of the technology used by the Chimú has been investigated: surveying instruments and calculating tools have been unearthed and analyzed to provide some understanding of the technical base used for canal design. Details of the hydraulics knowledge-base have been extracted from computer simulation of the functioning of ancient Chimú canal designs. This article assembles known pieces of information related to Chimú civil engineering practice and attempts to provide a plausible methodology that could have been implemented by the Chimú to survey the precise canal bed slopes necessary for proper hydraulic functioning of large canal systems through rugged Andean foothill and mountain areas.
Vienne Roman Dodecahedron
Print! Cut! Fold! Glue!
Image obtained from some data in the paper:
Duval Paul-Marie. Comment décrire les dodécaèdres gallo-romains, en vue d'une étude
comparée. In: Gallia. Tome 39, fascicule 2, 1981. pp. 195-200, doi : 10.3406/galia.1981.1829
Bristol Roman Dodecahedron
Adapted from the paper:
Etwas Gewisses hievon zu bestimmen waere ein Gewagtes
260 Jahre Dodekaeder-Forschung, by Michael Guggenberger