A.C. Sparavigna (2011) Water, air and fire at work in Hero's machines. In: ARCHAEOGATE n. 24-01-2011. - ISSN 1973-2953 - anche reperibile in https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.3470 Abstract: Known as the Michanikos, Hero of Alexandria is considered the inventor of the world's first steam engine and of many other sophisticated devices. Here we discuss three of them as described in his book "Pneumatica". These machines, working with water, air and fire, are clear examples of the deep knowledge of fluid dynamics reached by the Hellenistic scientists.
E' un articolo sulle Macchine di Erone. Il mio lavoro è stato oggetto di un articolo su MIT Technology Review, "The Amazing Steam Engines Of The First Century - An online translation of an ancient text reveals some engineering marvels from antiquity." by Emerging Technology from the arXiv archive page. January 20, 2011
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A.C. Sparavigna (2011). Ancient concrete works. arXiv:1110.5230 Abstract: It is commonly believed that the ancient Romans were the first to create and use concrete. This is not true, as we can easily learn from the Latin literature itself. For sure, Romans were able to prepare high-quality hydraulic cements, comparable with the modern Portland cements. In this paper, we will see that the use of concrete is quite older, ranging back to the Homeric times. For instance, it was used for the floors of some courts and galleries of the Mycenaean palace at Tiryns.
Già il palazzo miceneo di Tirinto aveva i pavimenti in cemento. Come era fatto questo cemento? ... E' una storia interessante quella relativa alla scoperta di questo cemento, Leggendo il mio testo potete trovare che c'è di mezzo Schliemann e alla sua ricerca di tesori nascosti. Nel 1876, Heinrich Schliemann, considerando il palazzo di Tirinto come poco rilevante per lui - lo riteneva medievale - si mise d'impegno, e quasi lo distrusse, cercando di andare sempre più in basso alla ricerca di tesori, e così bucava i pavimenti di cemento.
Articolo citato come fonte dalla BBC - per la serie "50 Things that made the Modern Economy". Video sul cemento.
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A.C. Sparavigna (2014) Some Notes on Ancient Concrete, International Journal of Sciences 02(2014):1-6 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.412 Abstract: Concrete is a material composed of coarse granular particles embedded in a binder that glues the particles together. It is commonly believed that the ancient Romans were the first to create and use such material, but this is not true, as we can easily learn from the Latin literature itself. Without any doubt, Romans were able to prepare high-quality hydraulic cement, comparable with the modern Portland cement. In this paper we present some notes on the ancient concrete. From Rome, we will go back in time, showing how the Greeks used it in their Mycenaean royal palaces. The paper continues talking about an Egyptian concrete and ends discussing the use of concrete during Neolithic times.
Il cemento non è invenzione moderna e neppure dei Romani. I Romani hanno inventato il cemento idraulico.
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A.C. Sparavigna (2011), Materials Science in Ancient Rome, ARCHAEOGATE, July 23, 2011. Abstract: Two books, the "De Architectura" by Vitruvius and the "Naturalis Historia" by Pliny the Elder, give us a portrait of the Materials Science, that is, the knowledge of materials, in Rome at the beginning of the Empire. Here, I am reporting some very attractive contents that we can find in these books. The reader will see the discussion proposed in fours case studies: concretes, coatings, amorphous materials and colloidal crystals, to describe them in modern words.
Cemento, mercurio, vetro, cristalli fotonici (eccome!).
Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2747880
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A.C. Sparavigna (2012) Faience: the ceramic technology of ancient Egypt. In: ARCHAEOGATE n. 12-Febbraio-2012. - ISSN 1973-2953 Abstract: The term “faience” is commonly referred to a glazed earthenware, the use of which spread in Europe during the Renaissance from France and Italy. The term was derived from Faenza, the town in Italy, where the glazed earthenware was mainly produced. The other name often used for this earthenware is “majolica”. Majolica itself had a long tradition in the North African and Near East Islamic production of ceramic. In the 19th century, European archaeologists used the misleading name of “Egyptian faience” to designate the siliceous ceramics produced in the ancient Egypt. The ancient faience was a completely different material created to imitate the gloss and colour of gems and precious stones. This material started to be used in jewellery in Egypt and the Near East, about the fourth millennium BC, that is, during the predynastic age."
A.C. Sparavigna (2014). Ancient Technologies: The Egyptian Sintered-Quartz Ceramics. PHILICA Article number 426. 14 Settembre Mar 2014 - Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2742291 Abstract: To physicists and engineers, ceramics represent materials demonstrating excellent strength and hardness, materials that can serve as electrical insulators or conductors, some of them being able of a high-temperature superconductivity. To researchers working in archaeology and art history, ceramics mean objects such as figurines, tiles and tableware helping understanding cultures and technologies of the past. They are among the most common artifacts to be found in archaeological sites, because made of an imperishable material. Then, ceramics are for interdisciplinary studies the subjects by excellence. Here we will discuss the Egyptian faience, a ceramic based on sintered-quartz materials, an old high-tech material that allows creating objects which have glossy surfaces with lustre of various blue-green colours. This paper shows how faience had been produced and discusses some methods used for its analysis.
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A.C. Sparavigna (2011) Chersiphron & Son Engineers. In: ARCHAEOGATE n. 02-12-2011. - ISSN 1973-2953 - Abstract: An ancient engineering firm worked successfully in the construction of one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The engineers used inclined planes, bags of sand and shafts of columns and architraves as wheels and axels. Preorint in https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.5849
Anche il mondo antico aveva i sui studi di ingegneria.
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